The salt which is formed by the combination of sodium and chloride in the ratio of 60:40 is called Sodium chloride, which can be written as NaCl in its chemical formula. It is generally known as common salt which appears as white cubic crystals. It plays an important role in the laboratory as well as in the human body. Sodium chloride is a chemical name for salt which is found in the sea and also as rock salt.

The molecular weight of Sodium chloride is 58.44g/mol.

Structure of Sodium Chloride

Sodium interacts with chlorine by donating an electron to chlorine to form sodium chloride. Sodium will acquire a slight positive and chlorine a slight negative charge results to ionic bonding. So the bond that exists it in is an ionic bond.

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Physical and Chemical properties

• Sodium chloride is readily soluble in water and insoluble or partially soluble in other liquids.
• It is commonly called as common salt or table salt.
• It is a transparent white cubic crystal having a characteristic taste.
• It is an ionic compound which can conduct electricity.
• It has a melting point of 801℃ and a boiling point of 1413℃

Uses of Sodium chloride

• Sodium chloride is called table salt which is used for cooking foods.
• It is used in fire extinguishers.
• It is used as medicine to treat dehydration and excessive sweating.
• It is used as a cleanser in toothpaste.
• Widely used in the laundry for water softening.

Sodium Thiosulfate

The salt which is formed by the reaction of Sodium and sulfate is known to be sodium thiosulfate having a formula Na2S2O3. It is an inorganic salt having sodium and thiosulphate ions in a 2:1 ratio. It is also called Sodium Hyposulphite.

Structure of Sodium Thiosulfate.

Sodium thiosulfate is an ionic compound formed by two sodium cations and a negatively charged thiosulfate anion. The central sulphur atom is attached to three oxygen atom and another atom of sulphur.

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Physical and Chemical properties.

• It has a molecular weight of 158.11g/mol.
• It has a density of 1.607g/mL
• It is a colourless monoclinic crystal having a characteristic odour
• It dissociates in water to give sodium and thiosulphate ions
• The decomposition of sodium thiosulfate is given by

             4Na₂S₂O₃ ⟶  3Na₂SO₄ + Na₂S₅

Preparation of Sodium Thiosulfate

Sodium thiosulfate can be prepared by heating sulphur with either aqueous sodium sulfate or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution

6NaOH + 4S ⟶ Na₂S₂O₃ + Na₂S + 3H₂O

Uses

• It is used in the medical treatment of cyanide poisoning cases
• Used in paper processing
• Used in analytical chemistry
• Used as treatment of calciphylaxis in hemodialysis patients
• It is used in the volumetric estimation of the concentration of certain compounds
• Used to dechlorinate the water
• Used in the extraction of gold and act as an alternative leaching agent.

Summary

• Sodium chloride NaCl is found in the sea and as rock salt which is composed of 60%sodium and 40% chlorine
• Generally is known as common salt which appears as white cubic crystals.
• The bond in sodium chloride is an ionic bond.
• Sodium chloride is called table salt which is used for cooking foods and used as a cleanser in toothpaste
• Na2S2O3 is the chemical formula for sodium thiosulfate.
• Sodium thiosulfate is an ionic compound formed by two sodium cations and a negatively charged thiosulfate anion.
• Sodium thiosulfate is used mainly in medical fields for the treatment of cyanide poisoning.